Proxy for scraping

Proxy for scraping. Reasons to buy + Ideal for web scraping + Vast IP pools + Proxy Integration #1: Rotating Through Proxy IP List Here a proxy provider will normally provide you with a list of proxy IP addresses that you will need to configure your scraper to rotate through and select a new IP address for every request. Jan 15, 2024 · 2. They are undetectable to the Google anti-spam system, thereby making it possible for you to scrape SEO and other data publicly available on Google SERPs without getting detected and blocked. Smartproxy. 123. The proxy routes all your traffic through a different IP address instead of your own. Proxy-Cheap — Undetectable Mobile Proxies. Proxies are online at the time of testing & updated every hour. If you’re interested, here’s an article on the difference between IPv4 and IPv6. Besides, its anti-blocking feature can help people without coding skills to scrape any websites. The server picks a proxy at random (unless otherwise specified) and sends the request to it. Businesses employ web scraping to acquire specific data from websites that do not offer an API. Every proxy gets checked multiple times every minute and gets removed if it doesn't work anymore. Apr 17, 2024 · Cons. Smartproxy offers the best price for a high-performing scraping proxy network. The monthly fee is $5, but there’s also a free trial that lets you test the scraper for three days. The numbers can range from 0 to 255. Mar 17, 2023 · Unlimited concurrent device support. py” and save it in your scrapy project and add the following code to it. Adjust your timeout & concurrent connections. Highly anonymous and elite web scraping proxy suitable for price scraping, search engine scraping, crawling and Python-based scraping. While Free Proxy may not be the best-looking website, it has a vast number of IPs, their details, and all the filtering functionalities you’ll need. This is the default behavior and costs 5 credits per request. There are really only two parts to any proxy integration: Passing your web scraper’s requests through the proxy; Rotating proxy server IP addresses properly between requests A scraping proxy is a server that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers. Using a proxy server adds an extra layer of privacy by hiding the user’s machine IP address. It comes with every country on the planet. 5. When used with a proxy, headless browsers can be used to scrape data, but they are easily detected by bot-protection software, making large-scale data scraping difficult. Jan 29, 2024 · Scraping local Google results is a bit trickier. Smartproxy — Fast, Location-Targeted Sneaker Proxies. Download now. txt of the proxies. Web scraping requires speed and scalability, especially for large web-scraping activities. Reach out to us through the following channels and we'll be happy to assist you. This is why scraping Google for local results requires a proxy network with location targeting. 1. js, Angular. 6. It showcases an array of options like a Jan 30, 2024 · Proxy vs VPN. Residential proxies – Over 72M residential IPs in more than 195 countries. js, JQuery or Vue. See It. If a site does detect and try to block your Selenium scraper, it will block the proxy IP address, not your own. Jan 17, 2022 · A proxy is a 3rd-party server that routes your request through them and uses their IP address in the process, hiding yours. Though if you're interested in using VPNs as proxies I recommend looking into wireproxy which turns wireguard VPNs to proxy services. For example, it is helpful to collect and store data for product reviews, pricing, site SEO, contacts, web indexing, data mining, and more. Aug 14, 2023 · In conclusion, residential proxies provide a powerful tool for data extraction, allowing web scrapers to access diverse sources, overcome IP restrictions, and conduct large-scale scraping. Download. For reliable, efficient, and fast web scraping, consider using our web Feb 22, 2023 · BrightData (Luminati) With more than 70 million rotating IPs in every nation, BrightData is a major player in the online scraping proxy market providing guaranteed unlimited bandwidth. IPRoyal comes with a residential proxy Jul 16, 2020 · What Is Web Scraping? Web scraping is the technique used to extract a large amount of data from targeted websites to gain business insights, implement marketing strategies, plan SEO strategies, or simply understanding the market’s competition. 0 1. To get started using ScrapingBee to change your IP address, you'll need an account. HomeIP provides more than 13 million rotating residential IP addresses and can be easily integrated into any web scraping project. May 5, 2020 · Using a third-party proxy is recommended while scraping a website. com or Contact Form. Using Tor as A Proxy Server. It is a popular proxy scraper with three nice-to-have features: proxy scraping, checking, and rotating through the built-in server. io, Webhose. A variety of proxy kinds, such as rotational, residential, mobile, and data center proxies, are available from them. 3/1K req. Oxylabs: https://oxylabs. When looking for a solution for web scraping with Ruby or other data collecting tasks, you should look at what a provider can offer you in this specific field. Feb 1, 2016 · If you would switch to the Scrapy web-scraping framework, you would be able to reuse a number of things that were made to prevent and tackle banning: the built-in AutoThrottle extension : This is an extension for automatically throttling crawling speed based on load of both the Scrapy server and the website you are crawling. Data Extraction. Stealthy Web Access: Utilize the rotating Mar 18, 2024 · The scraper is optimized to scrape thousands of proxies with the maximum speed possible. What types of proxies are there? How to evaluate proxy providers and avoid common issues. One may consider the internet as enriched soil and data as the new oil, while web scraping is the technique to extract that oil. Learn more. To get an idea of what a proxy is, you need to understand what an IP address is. Our web proxy is free and supports the most popular websites, such as YouTube, Google, Facebook, Twitter, and adult entertainment websites. Continuous Fresh IP Flow: Benefit from a dynamic supply of new IP addresses, guaranteeing smooth and continuous website data extraction without interruptions. Jan 17, 2024 · Proxy Scraper currently finds anywhere from 20 to 60 reliable proxies out of the 2,500 that it scrapes in every run (that's because most of them don't work). Click to open the image in full screen. Apify Proxy itself is neither better nor worse than the proxies of the other providers. While they have more offerings than any other proxy provider on the market, they are the most expensive proxy provider. A slow proxy may devastate your web scraping operations by increasing the likelihood of timeouts, unsuccessful requests, and delays. Shifter: 31+ Million IPs in Pool – – Amazon Proxies with Unlimited The term “headless browser” refers to a web browser without a graphical user interface. def process_request(self, request, spider): # Set the location of the proxy. In web scraping, proxies are used for the following purposes: 🔸 IP address switching- Some websites block IP addresses that appear to be scraping their data. Bright Data: 72+ Million IPs in Pool – – Enterprise-Level High Performance Proxies for Amazon Scraping. sudo apt install apache2. ISP proxies – Over 700,000 ISP IPs. Thus, using it for testing is the best option Mar 5, 2024 · Our real-life stress tests show that these providers offer the best web scraping proxies that can withstand the highest connection loads and still return results with extremely low captcha rates. When you scrape a website with a proxy, it is the IP of the proxy that is used to scrape the target website, not yours. First, you need to install Python 3. Next, why is that necessary for web scraping? More often than not, you’ll want to extract data from several pages from the same website. You can sort the list by country, port number, and uptime criteria. MIT license Proxy types: Residential,Mobile, Datacenter(Coming soon) Data Storage: No Pricing: $99/mo for 8GB. Discover the power of Proxy Scraper by trying it out for free on the Apify platform! Rotating Residential Proxies For Web Scraping. How to use Proxy Scraper. Choosing the right proxy server and services provider is a critical step in ensuring the success of your web scraping projects. 100% accurate for your local network. Luminati is a rotating residential proxy provider with over 72 million IP addresses from around the world. Jump To Details. This is a great, cheap solution for IP-based rate limiting. Jan 17, 2011 · 1-Create a new file called “middlewares. scrape proxies from more than 5 different sources and check which ones are still alive. Hydraproxy — US Mobile Proxies. Nowadays, most businesses use a web scraping proxy to achieve their scraping tasks. Scrape the web at scale at an unparalleled speed and enjoy advanced features like concurrent API requests, CAPTCHA solving, browser support and JS Dec 21, 2023 · Winner: Apify. Customer Chat support@apilayer. Once you have your proxy address and port number, pass them into your Scrapy request using the following syntax. Bright Data — Servers Worldwide to Help Establish A Global Business Presence. ScrapingBee web scraping API works great for general web scraping tasks like real estate scraping, price-monitoring, extracting reviews without getting blocked. Find out which one suits you the most. This method involves passing your proxy credentials as a meta parameter in the scrapy. Many VPNs limit amount of concurrent connections to 3-5. For instance, 123. It can scrape the three major proxy protocols (HTTP/Socks4/Socks5) and can be both free or paid based on your usage of the Somiibo platform. Aug 16, 2021 · 4. Our API is built with advanced technology that handles all problems related to web scraping. Apr 27, 2021 · Proxies are middlemen between you and the desired server that mask your IP (as well as other identifiers) to the website by submitting their own. Therefore, selecting a proxy that offers a high page load speed is important. IP quality. The whole process includes searching and then copying data from the internet to your hard drive to analyze later. What makes it stand out for developers are the other features of Apify. Sign up for 5000 free API credits! Message. Choose from 100+ supported global locations to send your web scraping API requests or simply use random geo-targets — supporting a series of major cities worldwide. Nov 20, 2023 · Changing the proxy server can lead to the need for re-authentication, which can disrupt the scraping process. But if you need more reliable and anonymous proxies, residential proxies are the way to go. io, and Screen Scraper can provide us a fast way to manually configure these proxy Jun 14, 2020 · return proxies. In this detailed guide, I will compare the top proxy services for Google scraping based on hands-on evaluation across key criteria. Choose Smart Proxy for Seamless Web Scraping. Supports automatic retries . In case your scraping is overburdening their servers or if they would like you to stop scraping the data displayed on their website, you should set your company name as the “User-Agent” HTTP header so the website owner can contact you. We offer both data center proxies and resident proxies. What Is a Proxy? Proxy: A proxy acts as a layer between devices and the internet. If you need high-speed and low-cost proxies, datacenter proxies are a good option. In this article, we'll overview and compare several proxies for web scraping providers from the scrapers' point of view. Choose the name of the key-value store in which to save a . HTTP, SOCKS4, SOCKS5. You may need web scraping or data extraction from various sources on the web for multiple use cases. We scrape thousands of free open proxies from all over the internet and check them 24/7 to make sure you only get the freshest proxies possible. A comprehensive solution for extracting structured data from all major search engine results pages, complete with a proxy network, scraper, and parser. The primary choice of proxy type for scraping is between the datacenter and residential proxies. Today's Best Deals. To begin, install the Apache server by running the following commands: sudo apt update. This working and up-to-date proxy scraping tool is available on GitHub . Let’s see why. This makes it Unfortunately, we couldn't find the number of IPs their customers can use. Your proxy API should offer encrypted connections, ensure data integrity, and guarantee that your scraped data remains confidential. Jul 5, 2022 · Somiibo is a software primarily targeted to marketers and their social media promotion needs. GUI browsers, like Scraping Browser (aka “headfull”), use a graphical user Experience maximum success and speed with our 10M+ Residential proxy pool. Mar 7, 2022 · Introduction to proxy usage in web scraping. By the look of it, you may assume that you could carry out these tasks manually. Jan 3, 2024 · Set Up a Proxy Server with Apache. You can schedule your data delivery, scrape interactive websites, navigate between different pages, and more. NordVPN. Data harvesting, data storage or data Price scraping is the process of extracting price data from websites, including your competitors and others related to your industry. Nov 22, 2023 · Importance of Proxy Servers in Web Scraping In the world of web scraping, proxy servers are essential tools for web scraping. Mar 11, 2022 · A web scraping proxy can be used to mask a web scraper origin to avoid IP-based blocking or access websites only available in specific countries. Mar 23, 2021 · 2) Luminati. First, enable the modules: Mar 22, 2024 · Oxylabs. Mar 13, 2023 · Free proxy lists are like directories of public proxy servers that people can use for different reasons. IP rotation, headless browser control, proxy management, and anti-measures are provided out of the box for a smooth scraping experience. Free Proxy. Select 'true' or 'false' to choose whether or not to run the actor in debug mode. Main reasons why proxy servers are important in web scraping include: Feb 22, 2024 · Cost: Starts at $600 monthly for 75GB. Speed Speed is a significant issue to think about while picking a proxy. The servers are generally fast, but there are only a few. Apr 30, 2024 · 1. Zenscrape provides fast & scalable web scraping solutions as a service. Discover the advantages of using rotating residential proxies for effective web data extraction. It has a vast network of servers worldwide, ensuring fast and reliable connections. Its worldwide proxy network involves: Datacenter proxies – Over 770,000 datacenter IPs. Adding Delays : Implementing randomized delays and proper throttling is essential to 🚀 Free HTTP, SOCKS4, & SOCKS5 Proxy List * Updated every 5 minutes * - proxifly/free-proxy-list. Rsocks — Flexible Rental Period for Mobile Proxies. Access a free list of HTTP, HTTPS, and SOCKS proxies for web scraping. The complete list of the features is the following: 50+ pre-packaged proxy sources. Why do you need a proxy pool for web scraping? Now that we got the hang of what proxies are, it is time to learn how to use them while web scraping. Web scraping using Tor distributes the requesting traffic across multiple IP addresses. #Get a proxy from the pool. The proxy list you receive will look something like this: Today we learn how to do professional Web Scraping in Python by using reliable and high quality proxy servers from Oxylabs. Private proxy for web scraping is a proxy specifically designed to withstand long-term scraping missions inside web scrapers when targeting search engines, social networks and/or e-commerce websites. Amazon. 9% uptime, and support teams are available 24/7 to answer any questions. Business websites set a limit to the amount of crawlable data called “Crawl Rate” to stop scrapers from making too many requests, hence, slowing down the website speed. As many VPN services allow 5-10 simultaneous connections you can have a pool of 5-10 proxies for your web scrapers. Starting at $4 Per GB at Oxylabs. Having a proxy pool and routing your requests without any management plan will not lead to any fruitful web scraping results. It basically acts as the middleman between you and the site you’re connecting to. Node-unblocker can unlock rate-limiting doors of any website. 981. Apr 5, 2023 · User-friendly proxy list for testing purposes. Performance. Proxy Management For Web Scraping. Apr 8, 2024 · Best free proxy for web scraping (Image credit: ScraperAPI) 3. One of Somiibo’s tools is the Proxy Scraper, which can scrape and test thousands of proxies in one go. With a large pool of proxies, you can bypass site speed limits, hide your scrapes and reduce the chance of being blocked by a website. Most are paid while a few others have free plans with some limitations. With their versatility and compliance with scraping guidelines, residential proxies unlock endless possibilities for extracting valuable data from the web. NordVPN is a well-known VPN service that offers a secure and private internet connection. Rock-Solid Infrastructure. With Apache, you can use mod_proxy, mod_proxy_http, and mod_proxy-connect to enable a proxy without writing any code. Getting HTML is cool, getting formatted JSON data is better. class ProxyMiddleware(object): # overwrite process request. NetNut — Unstoppable Mobile Proxies for Amazon. So, in short, proxies help you disguise your digital footprint. You can just swap in a new proxy and keep scraping without worrying about permanently losing access to the sites you care about. 19. The second promising tool is ProxyBroker. One of the main service features is automatic proxy rotation. Our ethically sourced proxies are guaranteed to get you around restrictions, suspensions, and blocks with 99% success rate and 2 sec response time. Nov 1, 2023 · Choose a Proxy for Web Scraping When you start looking at the proxy option on the market, the first thing you should think about is what tasks you are going to solve with proxies. This is Apify's basic tool for web crawling and scraping. Web scraping is an automated process that works with the help of web crawlers. Jan 11, 2024 · Smartproxy: 40+ Million IPs in Pool – – Overall Best Proxies for Scraping Amazon. Proxies are third Here’s a play-by-play of the scraping process with a program that rotates proxies: The user sends a request to the proxy management server. Apr 30, 2024 · The best type of proxies for web scraping. The Nimble residential proxies are some of the best Google proxies out there. Nimblway: IP Pool Size Undisclosed – – Specialized Proxies for Web Scraping. Bright Data controls the best proxies for web scraping, serving Fortune 500 companies and over 20,000 customers. Do you want to test your proxies with complete control? Check out our local proxy checker: HTTP, Socks4 & Socks5 proxy support. Apr 12, 2024 · Next, let's explore using Tor for web scraping. The function get_proxies will return a set of proxy strings that can be passed to the request object as proxy config. They are used to hide the IP address of the scraper and make it appear as if the requests are coming from a different location. Try out ScrapingAnt Web Scraping API with thousands of proxy servers and an entire headless Chrome cluster. A full-stack tool for gathering real-time structured data from eCommerce websites in bulk to help you May 4, 2022 · A proxy is something sitting between you and the target website. Dec 5, 2022 · What to Consider Before Choosing a CAPTCHA Proxy Service Provider? Let's take a look at the essential factors you need to keep in mind when making your decision. Not a conventional VPN service, but a web scraping tool. Keep reading to learn how to set up a proxy in Selenium for web scraping! Prerequisites. That would only give 3-5 proxies for web scraping which is not enough for most web scrapers. Get proxies with our free proxy scraper software. What are proxies? You must have come across an IP address like this – 192. Although the beginning price of $500 per ScrapingAnt is a service that helps you to solve scraping tasks of any complexity. Benefits of proxy scraping include: Increased security. Imagine scraping user reviews from an e-commerce site for sentiment analysis. py. We do not advise our users to use free proxy APIs as they won’t be effective and come with some disadvantages. A powerful open-source proxy scraper Topics. It is a unique address associated with every device that connects to the Internet Protocol network like the Internet. Why use proxies for web scraping? Most web scraping projects (except perhaps the most trivial ones) will require proxies. Popular web proxy scraper tools like Octoparse, Import. Choose which proxies to use while scraping the proxies. For the paid ones in the market, below are the best 5 right Jan 26, 2023 · What are proxies for web scraping? You can pair almost any proxy with your web scraper to enhance the process. By default, ScrapingBee fetches the URL to scrape via a headless browser that will execute the JavaScript code on the page. Apr 21, 2021 · Despite these needs for change, the proxy business is still using the IPv4 standard. No credentials or registration required. 2. Unlike other providers, which offer a pure proxy solution, Apify is a web scraping platform. Forget about getting blocked while scraping the Web. Proxies are an easy and efficient way to scrape data from e-commerce sites without getting blocked. All your traffic is encrypted while browsing to make sure you stay anonymous. No matter what website you are trying to scrape, node-unblocker will add a layer to pass all the incoming requests through a proxy. Access real-time, country-specific data without IP restrictions. Oct 14, 2023 · Headless browsers support proxy servers like HTTP clients. 1/1K req. The total number of IPs exceeds 23. Our proxy lists are updated regularly and are completely free to use. The information gathered from web scraping can be used for lead generation, brand monitoring, market research, anti-counterfeiting, artificial intelligence, and many more. It’s a cloud-based web scraper, so you can keep your data for up to 30 days on the provider’s servers. documentation. The same functionality used for cybersecurity can be co-opted for web scraping by disguising the IP address of your web scraper. The proxy then sends the request to the final target, the webpage with data to extract. Mar 7, 2022 · Start 14-day free trial. Hence, we can use Tor as a proxy server for web scraping. Only pay for successful data deliveries. Managing your Proxy Pool efficiently for web scraping. Apr 18, 2023 · Method 1: Add a Meta Parameter. io/pages/ Dec 19, 2023 · ScrapingBee provides an easy-to-use API and a user-friendly interface for configuring web scraping tasks. But it's the quickest and easiest way to find free public proxies that do work. Experience maximum success and speed with our 10M+ Residential proxy pool. apify / web-scraper. eCommerce Scraping API . With using of millions proxies around the World and a whole headless browser cluster we can provide you the best web harvesting and scraping experience. This helps in scraping websites without getting blocked. General Web Scraping. Quick start guide. Web scraping with 5,000 free API calls! This page provides a free open proxy list with public proxies scraped from many different sources. The proxies have a 99. Best for Data Center Customers and Web Scraping. In the context of web scraping, these scraping proxies are used to extract information from websites while maintaining the anonymity of the scraper, preventing IP bans, and providing the ability to scale up the scraping project. This can be useful for scraping a Single Page Application built with frameworks such as React. If your application relies heavily on web scraping, you would want to use proxies due to various reasons. Oxylabs — 100M+ Residential IPs Make It Great for Marketing and Web Scraping. One of those reasons is web scraping to collect data from websites at scale. Out of the three Proxy IPs, the Residential IPs are the most suited for web scraping. Now that we have the list of Proxy IP Addresses in a variable proxies, we’ll go ahead and rotate it using a Round Robin method. Since VPNs are used by many users concurrently the more IPs and locations VPN has the better IP quality you'll get. We dig deep into the speed, price, and reliability of 10 residential, backconnect, and rotating proxies for web scraping. They also have a number of other proxy types you could use. Limited to web scraping activities, not general browsing. Web crawlers connect to the internet using HTTP protocol and allow the user to fetch data in an automated fashion. ScraperAPI handles proxy rotation, browsers, and CAPTCHAs so developers can scrape any page with a single API call. Data aggregation has never been so easy. Readme License. VISIT WEBSITE. The actor supports both recursive crawling and lists of URLs and automatically manages concurrency for maximum performance. ‌ Jul 5, 2023 · It is a beginner-friendly tool with a visual mouse-based interface. Crawls arbitrary websites using the Chrome browser and extracts data from pages using a provided JavaScript code. Dec 8, 2023 · Through extensive testing of leading business proxy providers combined with my decade of proxy experience, I have become deeply familiar with proxies performances for Google scraping workloads. 000, most of which are SOCKS4/5. Request() method. Check unlimited proxies at once. import base64. HomeIP. You can use Google’s settings to set a location, but to really extract data that appears on localized searches you need to have local IP addresses. Aug 12, 2022 · The process of extracting data from websites is called web scraping. Nov 23, 2021 · ProxyBroker - Public Proxies Scraper and Checker. 8. Despite the great benefits of web scraping, using a proxy during web scraping is very important. Nov 1, 2023 · TheSocialProxy — Best Mobile Proxy for Amazon. When it comes to residential proxies to aid you in your web scraping efforts, IPRoyal is a great option for anybody looking to do just that. Our in-built proxy rotator, JavaScript rendering, and advanced smart solutions assure a rapid and dependable data gathering process. A Selenium proxy helps protect your IP address and avoid blocks when visiting websites. ScrapingAnt also provides a custom software development service. The primary function of such a proxy is to remain anonymous and undetected during extended data harvesting operations (directly in the browser or A web proxy allows you to browse the web anonymously and unblock your favorite websites without installing software, like a VPN. Best Proxies — Full Analysis (Updated 2024) IPVanish — SOCKS5 Proxy, Plus a VPN. ScraperAPI. These IPs are gathered from a total of 160 counties. 123 is an example of an IP address. Empower your data extraction with Web Scraping API: Effortlessly pull data from the most intricate websites. Amazon is arguably the largest e-commerce site with money to be made as a seller or a lot of data to collect as a Nov 18, 2022 · To overcome this hurdle you can use node-unblocker for web scraping. Geolocation & detection status is also available. Oxylabs caters to businesses, meaning that it assigns dedicated account managers to clients, has extensive know-how about web scraping, and takes care of its IP network (which, as we’ve confirmed, works very well). An automatic updated list of free SOCKS4, SOCKS5, HTTP & HTTPS proxies in JSON, TXT, CSV, XML & YAML format. Octoparse is a free web scraper providing stable proxy services. Free Proxy Lists is an easy-to-use platform for finding free proxies for web scraping. Visit the list of top free proxies for web scraping, crawling, networking, anonymous web surfing. There are many proxy APIs in the market optimized for web scraping. May 22, 2023 · How to Test Proxies for Web Scraping Proxy testing for web scraping should center on three primary criteria: reliability, security, and speed. Proxy services, sometimes referred to simply as proxies, operate as a sort of Nov 27, 2023 · Oxylabs is primarily a residential proxy provider, though it also has rotating datacenter, ISP, and mobile proxy services. Nov 7, 2018 · Adding in a list of proxies to your existing scraping software should be relatively straightforward. Types of Proxies. . HTTP protocol for greater control and flexibility. Select 'true' or 'false' to choose whether or not to test the proxies and only return the ones that pass. ParseHub is packed with features. Proxy Scraper Checker . Avoid IP bans. scraper. 5 days ago · Scrape popular websites without code! Our no-code scrapers make it easy to extract data from popular websites with just a few clicks. It’s written in Python, so it’s ideal for Python Feb 1, 2024 · Web scraping has become easier and faster with technologies like rotating proxy servers. IPRoyal. Using India-based proxies got easier! Use our pool of over +142k IPs to scrape any Indian website. Instead, it would lead to your proxies being banned and not returning high Jan 5, 2024 · In a world where data breaches make headlines, security isn't just a feature; it's a necessity. 3. It involves automated processes to access, parse, and extract data from websites. python scraper proxy scraping proxies getproxy freeproxy proxy-scraper httpx Resources. Proxy Best Proxy APIs for Web Scraping. from $1. 10M+ back-connect rotating IP addresses all around the world. 0. Since Tor routes the requests to different nodes on remote servers, the request's IP address gets rotated. rp sk me dk tc vc vz wz rx um