Gunshot residue test kit

Gunshot residue test kit. Oct 26, 2018 · At the same time as the bullets leaves the gun, small metal-containing particles produced during the internal gunpowder explosions are released from the weapon. BlueView Gunpowder Particle Test Kits. This residue can land on nearby surfaces and objects, including the hands of the shooter. DW discusses the whens and whys of gun shot residue analysis. 25 x 1. Quantity. Sample thoroughly/systematically using overlapping dabs. A typical GSR collection kit For professionals who need quick, on-the-spot results, our Professional Explosives Detection Master Kit and Test Kits are the answer. Gunshot Residue Collection Kit. The solvent-treated swab of the test can be used to lift suspected residue off of any surface, including hard surfaces like car doors and tabletops, textile surfaces like clothing and car seats, and skin surfaces such as hands and arms. GRA300 comes complete with: 1 - Factory sealed, tamper-evident Kit Envelope, 6" x 9" 1 - Instruction Sheet. 1” L x 3. The complete ISID-1 kit measures 6. Jan 31, 2015 · When the firearm is discharged, these particles are ejected from the cylinder gaps, ejector ports, and the end of the barrel, resulting in a plume of residue in the air around the gun. This practice describes procedures for the sampling and preservation of organic gunshot residues (OGSR) recovered from hands, skin, clothing, and other substrates. 1 - GRA102 Gunshot Residue Collection Vial, Left Palm May 9, 2024 · A gunshot residue kit is a collection of materials used to test for the presence of gunshot residue on a person’s hands or clothing. Tamper-evident, pre-sealed Kit Envelope, 6″ x…. The presence of GSR on a person's hands indicates that person discharged a firearm, was near a firearm when it was discharged or touched an object with gunshot residue on it. 01 (04/2023) p. Envelope measures 6" X 9". These techniques range from the now-discredited paraffin test to the more modern techniques which use instrumental analysis or scanning electron microscopy. In those cases, law enforcement relies on other evidence to build the burden of proof. Jun 4, 2022 · 4 Steps on How to Remove Gunshot Residue. Check with your local, regional or state criminalistic laboratory to find out which kit they Jan 17, 2023 · WASHINGTON – The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate (S&T) awarded $1. The test kit screens for the inorganic constituents of GSR, the metallic fragments left as residual following discharge of a firearm. Gun Shot Residue Presumptive Test Kit. These kits come in a 2 or 4 stub stub application and includes instructions, information sheet, gloves, security seals, and an envelope. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the analysis of inorganic gunshot residues (IGSR) was introduced in 1974 by the Aerospace Corporation [ 1 ]. Lead Reagent Ampoules. Sep 12, 2013 · The Court of Special Appeals of Maryland affirmed the judgments of the Wicomico County circuit court holding that a search warrant does not have to be obtained before the collection of gun shot residue (“GSR”) from a suspect’s person. The terms searched in the titles, abstracts and The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis kit consists of metal discs 4. SwabTek’s Gunshot Residue Test Kit. When a weapon is fired gunpowder is blown back in the direction of the shooter and trace amounts of these residues are deposited on Kit for determining whether a surface has been exposed to discharged firearm Two-test process in which rapid color change occurs for verifying presence of nitrates and lead Materials for 30 tests for multiple experiments Instructions and material data sheet (SDS) packet for product information and handling procedures S Using our Bullet Hole Testing (BTK) Master Kit can help the investigator identify the caliber and direction from which the bullet was fired. Combo Kit (both AA and SEM analysis). 025g sodium rhodizonate 1 x 5ml lead nitrate, 0 Dec 1, 2017 · Generally speaking, a particle characteristic of primer residue is defined as a particle with a spherical or molten appearance (noncrystalline) containing the elements lead (Pb), barium (Ba) and antimony (Sb). Offense Homicide Suicide Assault Drive-by Other. The test kit can be used to lift samples from a number of different Generally, kits should not be collected from victims, whether the incident is a homicide, assault, or suicide. GSPR test kit contains collection gloves and sealed bags, which protect the chain of custody, and eliminate contamination. 1 Tamper-evident, pre-sealed Kit Envelope, 6” x 9” 1 Step-by-Step Kit Instruction Sheet 1 Surface Gunshot Residue Analysis Information Form 1 Pair of disposable Plastic Gloves 1 Sample Number 1, 2, 3, and 4 Vials with caps containing SEM stubs covered with double-sided adhesive carbon tape Each kit contains instructions and enough materials for 30 tests. 2 - KCP118 Integrity Seals. The Gunshot Residue(GSR) Test Kit is designed to presumptively test for the presence of GSR. Complete all information requested and submit white copy with a LAB-201, return yellow copy to kit, and retain pink copy. Contains instructions, gloves and an evidence label for resealing. Apr 12, 2022 · The SwabTek Gunshot Residue (GSR) test kit is a single-use screen that can be used to detect the recent discharge of a firearm. Individual laboratory protocol will determine if IGSR/pGSR and OGSR will be analyzed in a single technique or separate techniques. The AAA100 kit contains 10 individual test kits and the components of each are handled under controlled conditions to ensure absolute minimum contamination. This Gunshot Residue Collection Kit for Atomic Absorption Analysis (AA) consists of cotton swabs in tubes and a liquid chemical. The test kit can be used to lift samples from a number of different surfaces that are common GSR sites, including: firearm components, bullet shells and casings, body A number of techniques designed to detect gunshot residues (GSR) on the hands of a suspect or victim have been developed. $ 8. Each kit contains instructions and enough materials for 30 tests. See reuse policy. Most residue expelled from a gun consists of burned, unburned, or partially burned propellant which contains metal particulates such as lead, copper, brass, or nickel from the jacketing material. Download . After all, it supposedly proves that a suspect has recently fired a gun or been very close to a fired gun. swab/test kit is self-contained and provides results in less than 3 minutes. 1 - Nitrile, Powder-Free Gloves, Pair. GSR Collection Kit Contents: 2 or 4 Carbon Disks (SEM) 1 Pair Protective Gloves Security Seal 6 x 9 Envelope Information Sheet Instructions A-7215. Gun shot residue is tested by lifting samples off a defendant’s hands or clothing and then testing to see if the lifts contain Watch our VP, Michael Lee, demonstrate the SwabTek Gun Shot Residue Test Kit in action! Screen for the presence of GSR on hands and suspect surfaces by follo Version: 1. 75 inches. The liquid is put on the cotton swabs and rubbed on the suspected shooter's hands. ETK-GSR-25-00. Shelby Khandasammy developed a tool to analyze organic gunshot residue SwabTek’s Gunshot Residue (GSR) Test Kit is designed to presumptively test for the presence of GSR. Also included in the GRA100 are all the necessary components to collect primer residue for atomic absorption analysis. Example Config Config = { NotifySubject = true, -- Set this to false if you want the person being tested to get a chat notification that they are being tested EnableCleanGSR = true, -- Set this to false if you dont want people to be able to clean gsr off them SwabTek’s Gunshot Residue (GSR) Test Kit is designed to presumptively test for the presence of GSR. The test kit can be used to lift samples from a Gunshot Residue Kit (GSR), AA. May 22, 2014 · 1. 33” H) 10 ea. 1 - GRA203 Gunshot Residue Collection Vial, Left Palm. Not every crime scene will have definitive evidence, such as DNA, to link an individual to a crime. Gunshot Residue Kit detects trace amounts of residue left on the hand after the firing of a gun. On November 5, 2010, Appellant, along with an accomplice, shot a female driver eleven times in a robbery Collection and Preservation of Organic Gunshot Residue 3 Standard Practice for the Collection and Preservation of Organic Gunshot Residue 1. 5” D. Related Products This Gunshot Residue Kit is a two part Forensic Chemistry test to determine whether a surface has been exposed to a discharged firearm. Introduction. Add to Wishlist. 25. Gunshot residue can be removed by actions such as washing hands, wiping clothing Includes. The latest crime scene investigation tools from Mistral Security - Gun Shot Powder Residue Test Kit (GSPR) allows law enforcement officials to quickly recognize shooting suspects. 46. The term "paraffin test" derives from the par affm cast technique, which is used to remove the residues from the hands. GSR tests results are considered reliable, and should be admitted into evidence. A positive test is indicated by an immediate color Gunshot Residue Collection. Aligned to the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS)*. Gunshot residue ( GSR ), also known as cartridge discharge residue ( CDR ), gunfire residue ( GFR ), or firearm discharge residue ( FDR ), consists of all of the particles that are expelled from the muzzle of a gun following the discharge of a bullet. The test kit can be used to lift samples from a number of different surfaces that are common GSR sites, including: firearm components, bullet shells and casings Config = {. Additionally, our experience demonstrates that homicide or assault victims shot by someone else can test positive for GSR. Based on the experience of the forensic community, between 10-20% of suicide GSR kits test negative for GSR. This test is sold in boxes of 25 only. 0 January 2021 Disclaimer: Disclaimer:This OSAC Proposed Standard was written by the Ignitable Liquids, Explosives, & Gunshot Residue Subcommittee of the Organization of Scientific Area Committees (OSAC) for Apr 21, 2021 · BTNX Fentanyl Test Strip Kit for Liquids, Powders, Pills & Urine - Includes: 8 BTNX Rapid Response Fentanyl Test Strips + 10 mg Micro Scoop + 5 ml Cup + Instructions - FentStrips 4. Kit contents include: 1 x 5ml diphenylamine sulfuric acid solution 1 x 0. 8cm (1 1/2") face with an adhesive on them. Kit contains instructions and enough materials for 30 tests. ) has since been extensively applied to GSR analysis [ 2 – 8] and has become the Apr 18, 2023 · Ward’s Gunshot Residue Presumptive Kit and Sherlock Instant Lead Test Kit were used in this research to indicate the presence of lead, barium, and antimony with color change using a specific SwabTek’s Dry Explosive Test Kit is designed to presumptively identify precursors used in the manufacture of improvised explosives. It is currently being used by over 200 local, county, State, and Federal law enforcement agencies. To perform the GSR field test, the officer swabs the suspect and then saturates the swab with the reagent. Item #: N/A Category: Gunshot Residue, Gunpowder, Bullet Hole & Explosives Tests. But, in actuality, gun shot residue (“GSR”) evidence is not always so clear-cut. Delivery UK Mainland £10. Like all of our kits, the GSR-AA is provided with all necessary components for GSR collection. The solvent-treated swab of the test can be used to lift suspected Specifically designed for quick, easy, effective field testing of gunshot powder residue. Estimated class/lab time required: 30 minutes. The reliable results from gunshot residue tests require expediency and care. Add to Cart. 1 Issued by: SQM. Photographs and instructions for the use of a gunshot residue collection kit are included. The liquid is put on the cotton swabs and rubbed on the suspected shooter’s hands. GSPR can detect limited types of primer residues. Simply wipe down the surface in question, add This kit contains the necessary materials for collecting residues from a surface, for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) testing. $132. Collecting Officer Phone Agency Fax Agency Case Number. Secure, effortless to apply, handy and accurate, GSPR is a preliminary forensic field spray test kit. Gunshot Residue Kit GSR-AA - 1 KIT PER BOX. Particles consistent with primer residue would have similar morphology and typically include 2 of the 3 elements listed above. Grades 9-12. Jul 16, 2021 · The SwabTek Gunshot Residue (GSR) test kit is a single-use screen that can be used to detect the recent discharge of a firearm. Contents of kit: 1 ea. The contract awards stem from S&T’s Commercialization Accelerator Program’s (CAP) inaugural Call for Proposals, which seeks to Sep 2, 2003 · A field test kit for gunshot residue comprises a container having at least compartments separated by a barrier. The examination and analysis of GSR on items of evidence can allow GRA tests are specific and sensitive for collection of gunshot residue using SEM techniques, and are economical and not complex. Contains supplies for both Atomic Absorption and Scanning Electron Microscope analysis. Sirchie provides the most reliable presumptive testing kits for Gunshot Residue (GSR) and Explosive Detection to Law Enforcement worldwide. These samples are then analyzed using electron microscopy or similar techniques. Atomic Absorption test supplies consist of cotton swabs in tubes and a liquid chemical. 36-6243. The cotton swabs are then placed back into the tubes and sent to the lab for analysis. Additional Information Delivery . These kits come in a 2 stub stub application and includes instructions, information sheet, gloves, security seals, and an envelope. GSR are produced during the discharge of a firearm and transferred on surrounding people and surfaces. Compare. Scope 1. SIRCHIE® has developed this kit to fulfill this requirement. Clear. 1 - GRA205 Gunshot Residue Collection Vial, Left Back. Add to a Quote Request. May 7, 2024 · Closing Cases Using Gunshot Residue. Press in up and down motion - do not rub, slide, or use with a swabbing motion. The test kit can be used to lift samples from a number of different Dec 1, 2022 · Innovation in forensic science is critical to the swift and equitable administration of justice. If blue specks appear after 5 minutes (the specks may be brown if the suspect's The Gunshot Residue Kit For Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Analysis has everything you need to collect residue for this test. The barrier is then breached, permitting reagent in the second compartment to flow onto the swab. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) tests are conducted through analysis of the residues which have been collected on sticky metal stubs. After removal, the cast is tested with a reagent, either diphenylamine or diphenylbenzidine. A color reac tion-"dark blue spots"-indicates the presence of nitrate residues. Gunshot Residue Presumptive Test Kit Item Code: VTN12301692. Gunshot residue testing. $50399. 6cm (1 4/5") stub, 3. Dec 1, 2023 · A gunshot residue (“GSR”) wipe test detects the presence of distinctive chemicals that are deposited on a person’s skin or clothing or other nearby surfaces when a gun is fired. The GSR-AA is designed for agencies whose crime laboratories use Atomic Absorption as their method of GSR analysis. The solvent-treated swab of the test can be used to lift suspected SwabTek’s Gunshot Residue (GSR) Test Kit: Forensic Precision at Your Fingertips In the critical realm of forensic evidence, the detection of gunshot residue (GSR) plays a pivotal role. Gunshot residue kits are analyzed to determine if an individual was in the vicinity of a discharged firearm. Analysis of gunshot residue (GSR) can provide valuable investigative information in cases involving firearms, such as homicides, mass shootings, terrorism, suicides, and accidental shootings. 625 x 5. While the Final Report on Particle Analysis for Gunshot Residue Detection, released in 1977, still stands as an excellent comprehensive report on the analysis and interpretation of primer GSR, additional research and development have led to improvements and Sep 27, 2012 · This Innovating Science chemistry kit demonstrates how forensic scientists use chemistry to conduct investigations. Box 6000, Dept F, Rockville, MD 20849, United States. Firearms examiners identify gun shot residue (GSR) by detecting primer residue particles. This Gunshot Residue Kit is a two part Forensic Chemistry test to determine whether a surface has been exposed to a discharged firearm. Lead Solvent Ampoules. 025g sodium rhodizonate, 5mL lead nitrate, aqueous solution 0. The method chosen will dictate sample collection procedures used. Using a two-part test, students will test for the presence of gunshot residue on a surface, presumably where a discharged firearm had been placed. Features. The metal discs are then sent to the laboratory. Show per page. SwabTek’s GSR Test Kit stands as an exemplar in this domain, engineered to presumptively test for the distinct presence of GSR with unmatched accuracy. Simply wipe down the surface in question, add the chemical reagents, and observe the results. NotifySubject = true, -- Set this to false if you want the person being tested to get a chat notification that they are being tested EnableCleanGSR = true, -- Set this to false if you dont want people to be able to clean gsr off them GSRAutoClean = 900, -- (IN SECONDS) Ammount Of Time Before GSR Auto Cleans [Default Is 15 Minutes Apr 12, 2022 · The SwabTek Gunshot Residue (GSR) test kit is a single-use screen that can be used to detect the recent discharge of a firearm. Price: $49. Tests for gunshot powder residue. 10. Description This script will allow players with the "police" job to run a GSR (gun shot residue) test to see if a player has shot a gun within a certain amount of time. Based on advanced kit design and chemical technologies, these sensitive explosives identification test kits react with the questioned substance in an internal "test tube", separating the user from any contact with the reagent. SwabTek’s Gunshot Residue (GSR) Test Kit is designed to presumptively test for the presence of GSR. 1 - KCP223 Plastic container OGSR. A rapid color-change takes place to verify the presence of nitrates, the Description. Williams’ CHEM 4380 Forensic Chemistry Lectures at Sam Houston SKU ETK-GSR-25-00. Gun Shot Powder Residue Test Kit (GSPR): Secure, accurate and effortless to apply to determine if Gun Shot Power Residue is present on a gun…answers the question…. 1. This test is sold in boxes of 100 only. A rapid colour change takes place to verify the presence of nitrates and lead. LAB-211 Rev. 1 - GRA204 Gunshot Residue Collection Vial, Right Back. Subsequent to discharge, GSR particles can be detected both on the hand of the shooter and on other nearby surfaces or within a few feet of the sides of the firearm. These gunshot residues (GSR) can include various primer residues, residues from projectiles, and partially burned and unburned gun powered particles. Sturdy black Kit Case (10. 10 ea. Packaged in a cardboard box. 72. 4” W x 13. The test kit can be used to lift samples from a number of different surfaces that are common GSR sites Overview. Sold in sets of 10 kits. A literature search was conducted covering articles published in the main analytical and forensic journals in 2019, 2020 and 2021. Dab stub on collection surface. Lightning X Premium Individual First Aid Kit - Gunshot Trauma & Bleeding MOLLE Kit MSRP: $129. SKU: VTN12301692 Category: Forensics Tag: 271-004. These particles, known as gunshot residue (GSR), fly out of the gun and onto the skin and clothing of the person firing the gun. The limitations of all GSR techniques are that the residues can be Description. 5 in. See 3,000+ New Gun Deals HERE. Instructions, 5mL diphenylamine sulfuric acid solution un1830, 0. This simple, two-part presumptive test will help you quickly determine whether or not a surface has recently been exposed to a discharged firearm. 2 out of 5 stars 238 Gunshot Residue Presumptive Test Kit quantity. 25 x 4. It is principally composed of burnt and unburnt particles from the explosive primer May 1, 2011 · Research and advancements in technology have brought changes to gunshot residue (GSR) examinations over the past several years. Box dimensions 5” W x 4” H x 1. A rapid color change takes place to verify the presence of nitrates and lead. 5. What is gunshot residue? Gunshot residue consists of particles that are expelled from a firearm when it is discharged. If stub contacts unintended area, new kit should be used. When a firearm is shot, in addition to the projectile (s), a mass of debris comes out the muzzle. SEM coupled with wavelength- or energy-dispersive X-ray detection (WDX or EDX, resp. NIJ graduate research fellow Dr. Wash your clothes in contrast to your hands to reduce your contact with those dangerous substances, particularly if you have children or pregnant moms at home. 05m, 20 alcohol swabs, Teacher's manual and student study guide copymasters. When a weapon is fired, gunpowder residues are propelled toward the target. Dimensions (L x W x H) 4. These published tests divide the chemical tests Gunshot Residue Kit (AA) Analysis. To determine if GSR could be present, GSR kits are collected by May 9, 2024 · A gunshot residue test is performed by using special adhesive strips to collect samples from the hands and clothing of a person suspected of discharging a firearm. 00. (No reviews yet) Write a Review. Requirements rad_gsr es_extended & mythic_progbar & mythic_notify & mysql-async. The firing pin of a gun contacts the back Mistral Security. type. 1 million to seven federal laboratories that support DHS missions and homeland security stakeholders. Specific and sensitive collection for gunshot residue in an economical and uncomplicated kit. 42. SKU. Product Type. The discs are dabbed on the hands and the adhesive picks up the gunshot residue particles. Gunshot Residue Presumptive Test Kit Each kit contains instructions and enough materials for 30 tests. Grade. 1. This standard practice does not deal with the analysis of inorganic gunshot residue (IGSR) or primer gunshot residue (pGSR). BackgroundThese are videos of Dr. The first compartment is transparent, and a Gun Shot Residue Kit - 2 Stub SEM - Envelope. Gun Shot Residue. 1 - Left Hand Vial with SEM Stub Gun Shot Residue Presumptive Test Kit. This is a two-part test to determine whether a surface has been exposed to a discharged firearm. A surface is tested by wiping it with a swab and placing the swab in a first compartment. Product # IS9001. Colorimetric test for trace evidence. One of the biggest benefits of the XCAT GSR detection is that the same cartridge used in a field test can be saved and processed by a forensics lab for confirmation. Add to cart. 1 - GRA201 Test Data Label. Feb 23, 2015 · The range of detectable substances is comprehensive: gunshot residue, nearly any type of narcotic, and trace amounts of many types of explosives. BV100. UK Mainland. Gun Feb 1, 2021 · and Preservation of Organic Gunshot Residue Prepared by Ignitable Liquids, Explosives, & Gunshot Residue Subcommittee Version: 1. For Atomic Absorption Analysis. Kit Includes: Diphenylamine Sulfuric Acid Solution UN1830 - 5 ml x May 20, 2021 · Just a simple standalone Gunshots Residue Test script. GRA100 comes complete with: 1 - GRA101 Gunshot Residue Collection Vial, Right Palm. In the Gunshot Residue Forensics Demonstration Kit, learn the chemical tests used by forensic scientists as they track down gunshot residue. 1 - Right Hand Vial with SEM Stub. This field test kit is for the detection of nitrite containing residues typical to gun powder residues. Supplier: ALDON CORP SE. Product Description. 025g sodium rhodizonate 1 x 5ml lead nitrate, 0 Ward's® Gunshot Residue Presumptive Test. To avoid secondary transmission of these substances, don’t wash your range of clothes with the . The gunshot residue kit contains two stubs with carbon tape Ward's® Gunshot Residue Presumptive Test. The first step detects the presence of nitrates (the primary component of gunshot residue), and the second step detects the presence of heavy metals associated with gunshot residue. 025g sodium rhodizonate 1 x 5ml lead nitrate, 0 Gunshot residue (GSR) is composed of primer particles that are propelled from the sides and the barrel of a firearm at the moment of discharge. This is a two part test to determine whether a surface has been exposed to a discharged firearm. 99 List Price: $139. The complete kit contains all the necessary materials and instructions for the Atomic Absorption Analysis. This 2-step presumptive test kit lets your students test surfaces for exposure to gunshot residue. 99 SwabTek’s Gunshot Residue (GSR) Test Kit is designed to presumptively test for the presence of GSR. 1 - Instruction Sheet. $ 9. After you’ve finished shooting, clean up. Dec 13, 2022 · This review paper covers advances in scientific methods applied to Gunshot Residues reported since the 18th Interpol Forensic Science Symposium in October 2019 [ 1 ]. Gunshot reside usually contains chemicals from the gun Gun Shot Residue Presumptive Test Kit. Background on Gunshot Residue Testing Initial literature searches found that laboratory solutions to this problem have been around for decades, with forensic tests for gunshot residue (GSR) published as early as 19331. Showcase Video. Description: Gunshot Residue Presumptive California Proposition 65 Warning: WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including Strong inorganic acid mists containing sulfuric acid, Lead and lead compounds, which are known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects and reproductive harm. Each kit is individually sealed in an envelope. (No Reviews) Colorimetric test for trace evidence. Kit Components • 1 ea. Easy To Config; Optimized; Showcase. After 6 hours, trace metal detection tests should be conducted. $123. Visible stains do not appear on the hands. It typically includes adhesive collection stubs, special tape, and chemicals for analysis. The BlueView™ Gunpowder Particle Test Kit is a fast, reliable field test for detection of trace nitrates found in gunpowder. See more product details. 1 - GRA Information Form. But when it comes to the traditional methods of GSR detection, the field has struggled with challenges Aug 23, 2022 · This overview focuses more particularly on the relevance of gunshot residues (GSR) 1 also referred to as firearm discharge residue (FDR) or cartridge discharge residue (CDR), in the forensic investigation of firearm related incidents. 2. 5 x 5. 3 Created/Updated by - BattleRattt & BenZoN. There are several organic chemicals in small arms propellants such as nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine, dinitrotoluene, and nitrites left behind after the firing of a gun Gunshot Residue Kit Information Form. Current Stock: Quantity: Description. 00 order before 1pm for same day despatch* Spend £200 for free delivery (excl. $150. When adhesive is exposed, do not touch it to anything other than area to be sampled. This This Gunshot Residue Kit is a two part Forensic Chemistry test to determine whether a surface has been exposed to a discharged firearm. In Stock. This item can only be shipped to schools, museums and science centers. “Did this suspect fire a gun?”. Jan 1, 2002 · The Field Test Kit for Gunshot Residue Identification based on Sandia National Laboratories technology works with a wide variety of handguns and other weaponry using gunpowder. lf km dj ft pq wy ot vv dw im